<p><span>We’ve all heard about “The Algorithms” that affect our lives, making decisions for and about us. And artificial intelligence systems are recommending podcasts, picking out targeted ads, and playing games against humans every single day. This week, we’re going to skim the surface of AI and chat about everything from Siri to personality prediction software. How are these tools used to help the world, or are we mostly heading toward a dystopian future? What’s the Turing test and is it even a useful measure of artificial intelligence? And if a poem is written with software… is it really art? (We don’t know either.)</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Poem]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="http://janusnode.com/"><span>http://janusnode.com/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-ai-vs-siri-vs-bing-iq-tests-show-one-is-smartest-by-a-mile/"><span>https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-ai-vs-siri-vs-bing-iq-tests-show-one-is-smartest-by-a-mile/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.10242"><span>https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.10242</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-38390798"><span>https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-38390798</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Anti-poaching:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-ai-camera-helps-conservationists-spot-elephant-poachers-180971180/"><span>https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-ai-camera-helps-conservationists-spot-elephant-poachers-180971180/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.inverse.com/article/52203-ai-camera-poacher-watch"><span>https://www.inverse.com/article/52203-ai-camera-poacher-watch</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.inverse.com/article/48043-paul-allen-makes-amends-with-coral-reefs-with-artificial-intelligence-research"><span>https://www.inverse.com/article/48043-paul-allen-makes-amends-with-coral-reefs-with-artificial-intelligence-research</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Eye tracking:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00105/full?utm_source=FWEB&amp;utm_medium=NBLOG&amp;utm_campaign=ECO_FNHUM_personality-eye-movements"><span>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00105/full</span></a></p> <p><span>http://www.unisa.edu.au/Media-Centre/Releases/2018/Artificial-intelligence-can-predict-your-personality-simply-by-tracking-your-eyes/#.W1rI5cJ9ifk</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Turing test:</span></p> <p><a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/"><span>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20865-software-tricks-people-into-thinking-it-is-human/"><span>https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20865-software-tricks-people-into-thinking-it-is-human/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/turing-test-measures-something-but-not-intelligence-180951702/"><span>https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/turing-test-measures-something-but-not-intelligence-180951702/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.wired.com/2012/06/flawed-turing-test/"><span>https://www.wired.com/2012/06/flawed-turing-test/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/09/scientists-disagree-over-whether-turing-test-has-been-passed"><span>https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/09/scientists-disagree-over-whether-turing-test-has-been-passed</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Artificial anus:</span></p> <p><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5655776"><span>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5655776</span></a></p> <p> </p>

<p><span>This week, our producer Caitlin Hofmeister is joining the pod to talk about the Sun, and lending her expertise as a host of the YouTube channel SciShow Space. The Sun affects pretty much everything we do here on Earth, from our weather to our technology. So what schemes have scientists been cooking up to shield the Earth from the Sun? How have solar flares affected humans… and should we be afraid of them? And is “Guy” really a good nickname, or is this star more special than that? </span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Definition]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/htmls/note.html"><span>https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/htmls/note.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/suncomp.html"><span>http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/suncomp.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/news-blog/geoengineering-solution-no-9-the-fl-2008-09-08/"><span>https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/news-blog/geoengineering-solution-no-9-the-fl-2008-09-08/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/geoengineering-holds-promise-but-the-technology-needs-work/"><span>https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/geoengineering-holds-promise-but-the-technology-needs-work/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/blocking-the-sun-is-no-plan-b-for-global-warming/"><span>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/blocking-the-sun-is-no-plan-b-for-global-warming/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/apr/05/scientists-suggest-giant-sunshade-in-sky-could-solve-global-warming"><span>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/apr/05/scientists-suggest-giant-sunshade-in-sky-could-solve-global-warming</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160425-how-a-giant-space-umbrella-could-stop-global-warming"><span>http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160425-how-a-giant-space-umbrella-could-stop-global-warming</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-11/uoa-ssm110306.php"><span>https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-11/uoa-ssm110306.php</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Ocean mines:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/the-sun-may-have-detonated-dozens-of-us-sea-mines-uncovered-navy-documents-reveal"><span>https://www.sciencealert.com/the-sun-may-have-detonated-dozens-of-us-sea-mines-uncovered-navy-documents-reveal</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/83295"><span>https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/83295</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018SW002024"><span>https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018SW002024</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WAMUS_Mines.php#Vietnam_War_%22Destructor%22_Mines"><span>http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WAMUS_Mines.php#Vietnam_War_%22Destructor%22_Mines</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.navweaps.com/index_tech/tech-068.php#Magnetic_Mines"><span>http://www.navweaps.com/index_tech/tech-068.php#Magnetic_Mines</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>2012 solar storm:</span></p> <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/23jul_superstorm"><span>https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/23jul_superstorm</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/no-earth-wasn-t-nearly-destroyed-by-a-2012-solar-storm/"><span>https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/no-earth-wasn-t-nearly-destroyed-by-a-2012-solar-storm/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://slate.com/technology/2014/08/solar-storm-a-massive-2012-cme-just-missed-the-earth.html"><span>https://slate.com/technology/2014/08/solar-storm-a-massive-2012-cme-just-missed-the-earth.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Sun atmosphere:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/multimedia/layerzoo.html"><span>https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/multimedia/layerzoo.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.space.com/17160-sun-atmosphere.html"><span>https://www.space.com/17160-sun-atmosphere.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/sun1.html"><span>https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/sun1.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>The Solar Anus:</span></p> <p><a href="https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1507&amp;context=sttcl"><span>https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1507&amp;context=sttcl</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/georges-bataille-the-solar-anus"><span>https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/georges-bataille-the-solar-anus</span></a></p> <p><br><br></p>

<p><span>Are you one of those people who doesn’t feel awake until you have caffeine coursing through your bloodstream? Well, you can choose to ingest some chemical stimulants, but they’re also something your body makes! Just think about the adrenaline rush before a public speech. This week, we’re going to dig into what science </span><em><span>actually</span></em><span> says about caffeine and dehydration. Why did some people try to ban coffee, and how dangerous was the pick-me-up given to some Antarctic explorers? And why the heck did researchers think gerbils could help with airport security?</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/12662/5-historical-attempts-ban-coffee"><span>http://mentalfloss.com/article/12662/5-historical-attempts-ban-coffee</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/563778/time-coffee-was-banned-prussia"><span>http://mentalfloss.com/article/563778/time-coffee-was-banned-prussia</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.thelocal.se/20180702/why-coffee-was-banned-in-sweden-five-times"><span>https://www.thelocal.se/20180702/why-coffee-was-banned-in-sweden-five-times</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www2.linnaeus.uu.se/online/pharm/kaffete.html"><span>http://www2.linnaeus.uu.se/online/pharm/kaffete.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YdpL2YCGLVYC&amp;pg=PA93"><span>https://books.google.com/books?id=YdpL2YCGLVYC&amp;pg=PA93</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.catholicgentleman.net/2014/04/blessed-beans-how-the-pope-baptized-coffee/"><span>https://www.catholicgentleman.net/2014/04/blessed-beans-how-the-pope-baptized-coffee/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Gerbils:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jun/30/highereducation.biologicalscience"><span>https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jun/30/highereducation.biologicalscience</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/1415469.stm"><span>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/1415469.stm</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pyv7UIBojboC&amp;pg=PA183&amp;lpg=PA183&amp;dq=Royal+Canadian+Mounted+Police+gerbil+adrenaline+sweat&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=cm7NFQHSFU&amp;sig=ACfU3U31su1gt-oIajVGekv-R942WmzQZQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQt-De14fgAhWHo4MKHW4GC6oQ6AEwB3oECAUQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Royal%20Canadian%20Mounted%20Police%20gerbil%20adrenaline%20sweat&amp;f=false"><span>https://books.google.com/books?id=pyv7UIBojboC&amp;pg=PA183&amp;lpg=PA183</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Forced March:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2962153-8/fulltext"><span>https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2962153-8/fulltext</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://granta.com/shackletons-medical-kit/"><span>https://granta.com/shackletons-medical-kit/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/27/161881513/cocaine-for-snowblindness-what-polar-explorers-packed-for-first-aid"><span>https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/27/161881513/cocaine-for-snowblindness-what-polar-explorers-packed-for-first-aid</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279970/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279970/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Dehydration:</span></p> <p><a href="http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/33/2/167"><span>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/33/2/167</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12187618"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12187618</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/640f/49f096f9a01e2c3ef103945a39830a12cd5c.pdf"><span>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/640f/49f096f9a01e2c3ef103945a39830a12cd5c.pdf</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/health/nutrition/04real.html?_r=2"><span>https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/health/nutrition/04real.html?_r=2</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Civet poop coffee:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kopi-luwak-cat-poop-worlds-most-expensive-coffee-taste-test-2018-11"><span>https://www.businessinsider.com/kopi-luwak-cat-poop-worlds-most-expensive-coffee-taste-test-2018-11</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kopi-Luwak"><span>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kopi-Luwak</span></a></p> <p> </p>

<p><span>At some point, we’ve all probably looked up at birds and wished we could fly. And some curious people took that wish and did science! From the biology of flying animals to machines that help humans take to the skies, this week, we’re exploring the science of flight. Why do we travel by plane instead of floating on airships? How long can some birds fly before landing? And what else do they get up to in midair… eating? ...sex? ...sleeping? </span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://newspaperarchive.com/englewood-sun-sep-14-2001-p-9/"><span>https://newspaperarchive.com/englewood-sun-sep-14-2001-p-9/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/only-one-place-was-allowed-to-take-off-after-flights-were-grounded-on-sept-11-2011-2011-9"><span>https://www.businessinsider.com/only-one-place-was-allowed-to-take-off-after-flights-were-grounded-on-sept-11-2011-2011-9</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://press.discovery.com/asia-pacific/apl/programs/im-alive/"><span>https://press.discovery.com/asia-pacific/apl/programs/im-alive/</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.umich.edu/~elements/fogler&amp;gurmen/html/web_mod/cobra/avenom.htm"><span>http://www.umich.edu/~elements/fogler&amp;gurmen/html/web_mod/cobra/avenom.htm</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Swifts:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)31063-6"><span>https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)31063-6</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/27/499635084/this-bird-can-remain-airborne-for-10-months-straight"><span>https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/27/499635084/this-bird-can-remain-airborne-for-10-months-straight</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Frigate birds:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12468"><span>https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12468</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.audubon.org/news/scientists-finally-have-evidence-frigatebirds-sleep-while-flying"><span>https://www.audubon.org/news/scientists-finally-have-evidence-frigatebirds-sleep-while-flying</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://phys.org/news/2016-08-birds-engage-flight-remarkably-small.html"><span>https://phys.org/news/2016-08-birds-engage-flight-remarkably-small.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Blimps &amp; zeppelins: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.airships.net/dirigible/"><span>https://www.airships.net/dirigible/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/hybrid-airship.html"><span>https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/hybrid-airship.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/19/the-uss-akron-disaster/"><span>https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/19/the-uss-akron-disaster/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/pa4q3g/theres-a-push-to-bring-back-the-zeppelin-in-canadas-remote-north"><span>https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/pa4q3g/theres-a-push-to-bring-back-the-zeppelin-in-canadas-remote-north</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Supermarine Stranraer:</span></p> <p><a href="http://www.airpowerworld.info/other-military-aircraft/supermarine-stranraer.htm"><span>http://www.airpowerworld.info/other-military-aircraft/supermarine-stranraer.htm</span></a></p>

<p><span>Mucus grosses people out. Whether it’s coming out of your nose or slime oozing from an animal, it’s not really a pleasant substance. But scientifically, mucus is </span><em><span>super</span></em><span> cool—it can be used for protection, hunting, lubrication, or plain old stickiness. Why do some cephalopods spew out specialized mucus? Does slathering snail slime on your face actually do anything to your skin? And could eating boogers be… good?</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5979/704"><span>http://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5979/704</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.mbari.org/mbari-researchers-discover-what-vampire-squids-eat-its-not-what-you-think/"><span>https://www.mbari.org/mbari-researchers-discover-what-vampire-squids-eat-its-not-what-you-think/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b94c/447075249a39cac514cbb3c6bf24c4e8306c.pdf"><span>https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b94c/447075249a39cac514cbb3c6bf24c4e8306c.pdf</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4052311/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4052311/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Snail mucus:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/cosmetics/how-about-some-snail-cream"><span>https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/cosmetics/how-about-some-snail-cream</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/shortcuts/2017/feb/06/snail-slime-beauty-products-worth-shelling-out"><span>https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/shortcuts/2017/feb/06/snail-slime-beauty-products-worth-shelling-out</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2642949"><span>https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2642949</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/viewFile/30041/15937"><span>https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/viewFile/30041/15937</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Parasitic worms:</span></p> <p><a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/discoblog/2010/12/02/a-new-treatment-for-bowel-problems-eating-1000-parasitic-worm-eggs/#.W-ICt3pKgW8"><span>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/discoblog/2010/12/02/a-new-treatment-for-bowel-problems-eating-1000-parasitic-worm-eggs/#.W-ICt3pKgW8</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ecco-ibd.eu/index.php/publications/congress-abstract-s/abstracts-2015/item/p389-a-double-blind-clinical-trial-on-trichuris-suis.html"><span>https://www.ecco-ibd.eu/index.php/publications/congress-abstract-s/abstracts-2015/item/p389-a-double-blind-clinical-trial-on-trichuris-suis.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Eating your boogers:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11465519"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11465519</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://aem.asm.org/content/81/1/332.long"><span>https://aem.asm.org/content/81/1/332.long</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/727897"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/727897</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-3-99"><span>https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-3-99</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Fish in butt: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2016/05/10/how-this-fish-survives-in-a-sea-cucumbers-bum/"><span>https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2016/05/10/how-this-fish-survives-in-a-sea-cucumbers-bum/</span></a><span>  </span></p> <p><br><br><br></p>

<p><span>Some small, magical corner of your heart wants dragons to be real, right? Well... sorry. They’re not. But this week, we wanted to celebrate some science adjacent to dragons, from fruit and animals named after them to giant flying predators that probably terrified humans. So were there ever flying creatures that spread fire? Are sea dragons as majestic as they sound? And what’s up with this beetle that creates explosions in its butt?</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.livescience.com/49861-new-sea-dragon-species.html"><span>https://www.livescience.com/49861-new-sea-dragon-species.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150320-meet-two-new-dragon-millipede-species-first-described-in-laos"><span>http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150320-meet-two-new-dragon-millipede-species-first-described-in-laos</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/fieldcourses04/PapersCostaRicaArticles/TheFunctionalityandEvolut.html"><span>http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/fieldcourses04/PapersCostaRicaArticles/TheFunctionalityandEvolut.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Firehawks:</span></p> <p><a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-Ethnobiology/volume-37/issue-4/0278-0771-37.4.700/Intentional-Fire-Spreading-by-Firehawk-Raptors-in-Northern-Australia/10.2993/0278-0771-37.4.700.short"><span>https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-Ethnobiology/volume-37/issue-4/0278-0771-37.4.700/Intentional-Fire-Spreading-by-Firehawk-Raptors-in-Northern-Australia/10.2993/0278-0771-37.4.700.short</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/wildfires-birds-animals-australia/"><span>https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/wildfires-birds-animals-australia/</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://wildlife.org/australian-firehawks-use-fire-to-catch-prey/"><span>http://wildlife.org/australian-firehawks-use-fire-to-catch-prey/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Haast’s eagles:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/legendary-human-eating-bird-was-real-probably-could-have-eaten-people-89257268/"><span>https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/legendary-human-eating-bird-was-real-probably-could-have-eaten-people-89257268/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-12/these-massive-extinct-eagles-could-have-carried-toddlers-dad"><span>https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-12/these-massive-extinct-eagles-could-have-carried-toddlers-dad</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.academia.edu/606102/Rapid_somatic_expansion_causes_the_brain_to_lag_behind_the_case_of_the_brain_and_behavior_of_New_Zealands_Haasts_Eagle_Harpagornis_moorei_"><span>http://www.academia.edu/606102/Rapid_somatic_expansion_causes_the_brain_to_lag_behind_the_case_of_the_brain_and_behavior_of_New_Zealands_Haasts_Eagle_Harpagornis_moorei_</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://pgl.soe.ucsc.edu/eagle_bunce05.pdf"><span>https://pgl.soe.ucsc.edu/eagle_bunce05.pdf</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Creating fire:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1726053?mag=bombardier-beetles-are-terrifying-nightmare-insects&amp;seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents"><span>https://www.jstor.org/stable/1726053?mag=bombardier-beetles-are-terrifying-nightmare-insects&amp;seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/04/30/how-this-beetle-creates-500-explosions-per-second-in-its-bum/"><span>https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/04/30/how-this-beetle-creates-500-explosions-per-second-in-its-bum/</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://news.mit.edu/2015/how-bombardier-beetles-produce-defensive-spray-0430"><span>http://news.mit.edu/2015/how-bombardier-beetles-produce-defensive-spray-0430</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Dragonfly nymph:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.wired.com/2013/12/the-secret-underwater-world-of-dragons/"><span>https://www.wired.com/2013/12/the-secret-underwater-world-of-dragons/</span></a><span>  </span></p> <p> </p>

<p><span>From sugary snow cones to WWII plans for an aircraft carrier made of ice and wood pulp, humans have had big dreams for frozen water. So this week, we’re exploring the science of snow and ice across the globe. Turns out, there are ancient refrigerators in the dry Iranian desert and abandoned military bases under the Greenland ice sheet. And even though Japanese snow monkeys seem all cozy and chill in their hot springs, what mischief do they get up to in their free time? </span></p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10329-015-0492-0"><span>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10329-015-0492-0</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/blog/post/japans-monkeys-wash-their-potatoes-and-ride-deer-like-horses"><span>https://www.researchgate.net/blog/post/japans-monkeys-wash-their-potatoes-and-ride-deer-like-horses</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chilling-out-hot-springs-may-help-japans-snow-monkeys-reduce-stress-180968686/"><span>https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chilling-out-hot-springs-may-help-japans-snow-monkeys-reduce-stress-180968686/</span></a></p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p><span>Camp Century:</span></p> <p><a href="http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/research/drill_analysing/history_drilling/drill_bedrock/"><span>http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/research/drill_analysing/history_drilling/drill_bedrock/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/mysterious-ice-buried-cold-war-military-base-may-be-unearthed-climate-change"><span>https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/mysterious-ice-buried-cold-war-military-base-may-be-unearthed-climate-change</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/about_centre/history/"><span>http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/about_centre/history/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Paleoclimatology_OxygenBalance"><span>https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Paleoclimatology_OxygenBalance</span></a></p> <p><span>Iceboxes:</span></p> <p><a href="http://eartharchitecture.org/?p=570"><span>http://eartharchitecture.org/?p=570</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ach/article/view/13822"><span>http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ach/article/view/13822</span></a></p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p><span>Building out of ice:</span></p> <p><a href="http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/Ice-Alloys.pdf"><span>http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/Ice-Alloys.pdf</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/description-of-the-iceberg-aircraft-carrier-and-the-bearing-of-the-mechanical-properties-of-frozen-wood-pulp-upon-some-problems-of-glacier-flow/BE12BCCE68FE5D9C307299A2F1F2DFC6"><span>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/description-of-the-iceberg-aircraft-carrier-and-the-bearing-of-the-mechanical-properties-of-frozen-wood-pulp-upon-some-problems-of-glacier-flow/BE12BCCE68FE5D9C307299A2F1F2DFC6</span></a></p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p><span>Turtle breathing:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.livescience.com/61018-turtles-breathe-through-butt.html"><span>https://www.livescience.com/61018-turtles-breathe-through-butt.html</span></a></p>

<p><span>A new year means New Year’s resolutions and a new episode of Tangents! Lots of people are probably getting their fitness on, whether it’s by joining a gym or putting on yoga YouTube videos. So this week, we’re stretching our muscles to explore the science of exercise. If you just wiggle your arm a bunch, does that technically count as exercise? Are beefy babies real or just photoshopped? And what happens if you leave a hamster wheel in the middle of a forest? </span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1498/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1498/</span></a></p> <p><span>Increased blood volume:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630597/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630597/</span></a></p> <p><span>New brain cells:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-11/nwsu-eib111217.php"><span>https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-11/nwsu-eib111217.php</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Thinking about muscles: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.00386.2014"><span>https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.00386.2014</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-grow-stronger-without-lifting-weights/"><span>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-grow-stronger-without-lifting-weights/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Animals on wheels: </span></p> <p><a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1786/20140210.full"><span>http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1786/20140210.full</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760155/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760155/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/09/14/409409.full.pdf"><span>https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/09/14/409409.full.pdf</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Flexibility:</span></p> <p><a href="http://web.mit.edu/tkd/stretch/stretching_2.html"><span>http://web.mit.edu/tkd/stretch/stretching_2.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://web.mit.edu/tkd/stretch/stretching_3.html"><span>http://web.mit.edu/tkd/stretch/stretching_3.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273886/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273886/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Space underwear: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-underwear-idUSTRE52M6ER20090323"><span>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-underwear-idUSTRE52M6ER20090323</span></a></p>

<p><span>Imagine that you’re a completely normal fish… except for the fact that a louse lives in your mouth because it sucked your blood and killed your tongue. Sounds like the worst possible roommate, right? But nature is full of parasitic relationships, where one organism thrives by hurting another. This week, we’re joined by evolutionary biologist and science communicator Dr. Sally LePage to talk all about parasites! How did we deal with them before modern medicine? Are there any parasites bigger than their hosts? And is parasite-ception a thing!?</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1126547/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1126547/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://eic.rsc.org/feature/jesuits-powder-and-quinine/2020179.article"><span>https://eic.rsc.org/feature/jesuits-powder-and-quinine/2020179.article</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Fruit fly fungus:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/07/is-this-fungus-using-a-virus-to-mind-control-an-animal/565982/"><span>https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/07/is-this-fungus-using-a-virus-to-mind-control-an-animal/565982/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002210"><span>https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002210</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://phys.org/news/2017-12-fungus-fruit-flies-hosting-spores.html"><span>https://phys.org/news/2017-12-fungus-fruit-flies-hosting-spores.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/10/232140"><span>https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/10/232140</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Frog flatworm:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/02/13/a-flurry-of-frog-legs/"><span>https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/02/13/a-flurry-of-frog-legs/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330773/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330773/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00436-011-2451-z"><span>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00436-011-2451-z</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/13/us/many-reports-of-deformities-among-frogs-are-puzzling.html"><span>https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/13/us/many-reports-of-deformities-among-frogs-are-puzzling.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636111/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636111/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Cuckoos: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.audubon.org/news/the-brilliant-ways-parasitic-birds-terrorize-their-victims"><span>https://www.audubon.org/news/the-brilliant-ways-parasitic-birds-terrorize-their-victims</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Brood_Parasitism.html"><span>https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Brood_Parasitism.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Tick anus:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/717730_2"><span>https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/717730_2</span></a></p>

<p><span>From website banners to scratch-and-sniff magazine spreads, you’ve probably been the target of thousands of ads. Like, you’re even going to hear one during this podcast—we gotta eat! At this point, you might feel like you’re immune to advertising, because there’s no way a ridiculous infomercial could make you want a reusable juice box. But the psychology behind advertising has always been powerful. So this week, we’re diving into the science of when ads work, when they don’t, and when they’ve led to some pretty serious problems like the opioid epidemic. </span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Luxury products: </span></p> <p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613502732"><span>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613502732</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Sight &amp; sound: </span></p> <p><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/44/4/877/3829544?redirectedFrom=fulltext"><span>https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/44/4/877/3829544?redirectedFrom=fulltext</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Clever ads: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-03/uom-ita031116.php"><span>https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-03/uom-ita031116.php</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Brands + health organizations: </span></p> <p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joca.12091"><span>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joca.12091</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/eat-right-meltdown-for-kraft-singles-1427152818"><span>https://www.wsj.com/articles/eat-right-meltdown-for-kraft-singles-1427152818</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/a-cheese-product-wins-kids-nutrition-seal/"><span>https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/a-cheese-product-wins-kids-nutrition-seal/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Opioid epidemic:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-advertising-shaped-first-opioid-epidemic-180968444/"><span>https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-advertising-shaped-first-opioid-epidemic-180968444/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1508818"><span>https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1508818</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125194/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125194/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Advertising effectiveness: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/uoia-scs051817.php"><span>https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/uoia-scs051817.php</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w20171.pdf"><span>http://www.nber.org/papers/w20171.pdf</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/06/a-dangerous-question-does-internet-advertising-work-at-all/372704/"><span>https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/06/a-dangerous-question-does-internet-advertising-work-at-all/372704/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/08/why-good-advertising-works-even-when-you-think-it-doesnt/244252/"><span>https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/08/why-good-advertising-works-even-when-you-think-it-doesnt/244252/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Rectal dilators:</span></p> <p><a href="https://thequackdoctor.com/index.php/dr-youngs-rectal-dilators/"><span>https://thequackdoctor.com/index.php/dr-youngs-rectal-dilators/</span></a><span>  </span></p> <p> </p>

<p><span>Eggs have tons of different sizes, textures, and protective shells, from giant ostrich eggs to squishy fish egg clusters. But, scientifically, they all boil down to the same thing: an egg is just a reproductive cell that can be fertilized by a sperm to make an embryo. This week, we’re cracking the science of eggs wide open! What are some of the weirdest eggs? How far will animal parents go to make sure their eggs are safe? And why the heck did researchers think it was a good idea to mix hamster eggs and human sperm? </span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Brown trouts:</span></p> <p><a href="http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150214-fake-orgasms-and-other-sex-lies"><span>http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150214-fake-orgasms-and-other-sex-lies</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347200915859?via%3Dihub"><span>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347200915859?via%3Dihub</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Octopuses:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.mbari.org/deep-sea-octopus-broods-eggs-for-over-four-years-longer-than-any-known-animal/"><span>https://www.mbari.org/deep-sea-octopus-broods-eggs-for-over-four-years-longer-than-any-known-animal/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0103437"><span>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0103437</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Trilobites:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170124124905.htm"><span>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170124124905.htm</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/45/3/199/195237/pyritized-in-situ-trilobite-eggs-from-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext"><span>https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/45/3/199/195237/pyritized-in-situ-trilobite-eggs-from-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Stick insect eggs:</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/ku-tsi052318.php"><span>https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/ku-tsi052318.php</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/stick-insects-lure-ants-fatty-knobs"><span>https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/stick-insects-lure-ants-fatty-knobs</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/science/stick-insects-eggs-birds.html"><span>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/science/stick-insects-eggs-birds.html</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Humsters: </span></p> <p><a href="http://www.stillhq.com/pdfdb/000360/data.pdf"><span>http://www.stillhq.com/pdfdb/000360/data.pdf</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mrd.1120230307"><span>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mrd.1120230307</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-3310-0_5"><span>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-3310-0_5</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1725451"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1725451</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Egg shape: </span></p> <p><a href="https://galapagosconservation.org.uk/whale-shark-reproduction/"><span>https://galapagosconservation.org.uk/whale-shark-reproduction/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/centers/cmbc/2018/05/15/hydrothermal-vents-incubators-for-deep-sea-skate-egg-cases/"><span>https://scripps.ucsd.edu/centers/cmbc/2018/05/15/hydrothermal-vents-incubators-for-deep-sea-skate-egg-cases/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zg1mDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT158&amp;lpg=PT158"><span>https://books.google.com/books?id=zg1mDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT158&amp;lpg=PT158</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6344/1249"><span>http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6344/1249</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160304-one-animal-has-more-babies-than-any-other"><span>http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160304-one-animal-has-more-babies-than-any-other</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Snake sperm storage:</span></p> <p><a href="https://phys.org/news/2011-10-insight-term-sperm-storage-animals.html"><span>https://phys.org/news/2011-10-insight-term-sperm-storage-animals.html</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-06/secrets-of-sperm-storing-female-snakes-revealed/5652004"><span>https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-06/secrets-of-sperm-storing-female-snakes-revealed/5652004</span></a></p>

<p><span>Have you ever wanted to lick the Moon and find out what that grey dust tastes like? If so, you’re in luck. This week, we’re sampling the science of taste, from the Apollo 16 mission reports to how the flavor compounds in amniotic fluid may affect babies’ food preferences. Apparently, it can get garlicky in there. But can non-human animals develop a sense of taste? And is “pine mouth” a real thing, or is it just what happens when Hank eats mysterious seeds he finds in the forest?</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.wired.com/2014/07/orange-juice-toothpaste/"><span>https://www.wired.com/2014/07/orange-juice-toothpaste/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354153/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354153/</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684458/"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684458/</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171114232622/https://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/SafetyAlertsAdvisories/ucm247099.htm"><span>http://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171114232622/https://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/SafetyAlertsAdvisories/ucm247099.htm</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Moon dust: </span></p> <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/30jan_smellofmoondust"><span>https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/30jan_smellofmoondust</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Bees and pesticides: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180828204911.htm"><span>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180828204911.htm</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1885/20180655"><span>http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1885/20180655</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/187907/the-more-pesticides-bees-more-they/"><span>https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/187907/the-more-pesticides-bees-more-they/</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Developing taste: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.npr.org/2011/08/08/139033757/babys-palate-and-food-memories-shaped-before-birth"><span>https://www.npr.org/2011/08/08/139033757/babys-palate-and-food-memories-shaped-before-birth</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7583013"><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7583013</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/107/6/e88.full"><span>http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/107/6/e88.full</span></a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><span>Sea cucumber eating:</span></p> <p><a href="https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/03/14/giant-sea-cucumber-eats-with-its-anus/"><span>https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/03/14/giant-sea-cucumber-eats-with-its-anus/</span></a></p> <p> </p>

<p>What do the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Moon have in common? They’re all satellites that orbit the Earth! This week, we’re going extraterrestrial to talk about the dreams, discoveries, and debacles that went into Mir and other weirdly cool human-made satellites. Plus, we dig into burning questions, like whether the Sun can be considered a satellite. And we’re big enough space nerds that we try to explain some celestial mechanics.</p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><a href="https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/9a3y8d/the-man-who-turned-night-into-day">https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/9a3y8d/the-man-who-turned-night-into-day</a></p> <p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/1209034.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/1209034.stm</a></p> <p><a href="https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/bmvn44/the-mir-space-station-was-a-marvel-a-clusterfuck-and-an-underdog-hero">https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/bmvn44/the-mir-space-station-was-a-marvel-a-clusterfuck-and-an-underdog-hero</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Film satellites:</p> <p><a href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2015-featured-story-archive/corona-declassified.html">https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2015-featured-story-archive/corona-declassified.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.space.com/12996-secret-spy-satellites-declassified-nro.html">https://www.space.com/12996-secret-spy-satellites-declassified-nro.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://gizmodo.com/5994202/how-the-us-built-its-super-secret-spy-satellite-program">https://gizmodo.com/5994202/how-the-us-built-its-super-secret-spy-satellite-program</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Earwig wing tech:</p> <p><a href="https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2018/03/earwigs-and-the-art-of-origami.html">https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2018/03/earwigs-and-the-art-of-origami.html</a></p> <p><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6382/1386">http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6382/1386</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Picking satellite orbits:</p> <p><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php">https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/spaceobjectregister/index.html">http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/spaceobjectregister/index.html</a>  </p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Moon poop:</p> <p><a href="https://boingboing.net/2009/06/16/poop-on-the-moon-and.html">https://boingboing.net/2009/06/16/poop-on-the-moon-and.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://gizmodo.com/theres-poop-on-the-moon-1679070982">https://gizmodo.com/theres-poop-on-the-moon-1679070982</a></p> <p> </p>

<p>With American Thanksgiving around the corner, turkey is on everyone’s mind! So this week, we’re taking a closer look at flightless birds of all shapes and sizes, from families of penguins to very endangered nocturnal parrots that are just trying their best. What prevents some birds from using their wings to fly? Did Australians really start a war against emus? Plus, we’ll answer your burning questions about the sex lives of many, many different kinds of birds! Wow!</p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Inaccessible Island rail:</p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790318301763?via%3Dihub">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790318301763?via%3Dihub</a></p> <p><a href="https://gizmodo.com/how-a-tiny-flightless-bird-ended-up-on-an-island-in-the-1830188012">https://gizmodo.com/how-a-tiny-flightless-bird-ended-up-on-an-island-in-the-1830188012</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Ostrich egg globes:</p> <p><a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/08/130821-ostrich-globe-map-discovery-science-nation/">https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/08/130821-ostrich-globe-map-discovery-science-nation/</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Emu War:</p> <p><a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/the-great-emu-war-in-which-some-large-flightless-birds-unwittingly-foiled-the-australian-army/">https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/the-great-emu-war-in-which-some-large-flightless-birds-unwittingly-foiled-the-australian-army/</a>  </p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Crested penguins:</p> <p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/s-ppi021016.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/s-ppi021016.php</a></p> <p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00265-016-2060-z">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00265-016-2060-z</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-06/uod-ppc062816.php">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-06/uod-ppc062816.php</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28785">https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28785</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Ratite reproduction:</p> <p><a href="https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00858.x">https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00858.x</a></p> <p><a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/80394/10-facts-about-cassowaries">http://mentalfloss.com/article/80394/10-facts-about-cassowaries</a></p> <p><a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/discoblog/2011/12/08/finally-the-ostrich-penis-provides-the-answer-to-a-long-standing-question/#.W6FsOZNKhxw">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/discoblog/2011/12/08/finally-the-ostrich-penis-provides-the-answer-to-a-long-standing-question/#.W6FsOZNKhxw</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/ratites/reproduction-of-ratites">https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/ratites/reproduction-of-ratites</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Kākāpō:</p> <p><a href="https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2018/03/22/happy-hatchday-21-years-of-conservation-success-for-the-kakapo/">https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2018/03/22/happy-hatchday-21-years-of-conservation-success-for-the-kakapo/</a></p> <p><a href="https://phys.org/news/2015-11-rimu-berry-game-changer-kakapo.html">https://phys.org/news/2015-11-rimu-berry-game-changer-kakapo.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/060401_kakapo">https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/060401_kakapo</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Ostrich urine &amp; feces:</p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1095643303000060">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1095643303000060</a></p> <p> </p>

<p>Even though scientific fraud seems like something that we would’ve stopped falling for, it’s still a problem today. This week, we’re delving into the complicated world of scientific hoaxes. Some are just goofs that went a little too far, but others have had serious negative impacts on public health. So why do people perpetrate hoaxes? Why do people, even credible scientists, sometimes fall for them? And what the heck is “Jeep Butt”?</p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:</p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Truth or Fail]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Cello Scrotum:</p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1610985/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1610985/</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b379">https://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b379</a></p> <p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7853564.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7853564.stm</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Surfer’s Ear:</p> <p><a href="http://ent.uci.edu/more-at-uc-irvine/conditions/surfers-ears.asp">http://ent.uci.edu/more-at-uc-irvine/conditions/surfers-ears.asp</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Jeep Butt:</p> <p><a href="https://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/healthpolicy/CHPR/downloads/mil_prep042605.pdf">https://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/healthpolicy/CHPR/downloads/mil_prep042605.pdf</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.academia.edu/19875506/Pilonidal_sinus_Jeeps_disease_An_improved_model_of_care">http://www.academia.edu/19875506/Pilonidal_sinus_Jeeps_disease_An_improved_model_of_care</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Fact Off]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Mary Toft:</p> <p><a href="http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/aug2009.html">http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/aug2009.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://academic.oup.com/past/article/238/1/43/4822513">https://academic.oup.com/past/article/238/1/43/4822513</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Parapsychology:</p> <p><a href="http://www.tricksterbook.com/truzzi/ZS-Issues-PDFs/ZeteticScholarNos12-13.pdf">http://www.tricksterbook.com/truzzi/ZS-Issues-PDFs/ZeteticScholarNos12-13.pdf</a></p> <p><a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.9791&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf">http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.9791&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.csicop.org/uploads/files/martin-gardner-pdfs/landmark-pk-hoax.pdf">https://www.csicop.org/uploads/files/martin-gardner-pdfs/landmark-pk-hoax.pdf</a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060503224225/http://www.banachek.org/nonflash/project_alpha.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20060503224225/http://www.banachek.org/nonflash/project_alpha.htm</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1S5CRcqJQo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1S5CRcqJQo</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Ask the Science Couch]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Andrew Wakefield:</p> <p><a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c5347">https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c5347</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136032/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136032/</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323045/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323045/</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.html">https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.html</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/jan/28/andrew-wakefield-mmr-vaccine">https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/jan/28/andrew-wakefield-mmr-vaccine</a></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><strong>[Butt One More Thing]</strong></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p>Fake coprolite:</p> <p><a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140729-dinosaur-coprolite-paleontology-dung-fossil-auction/">https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140729-dinosaur-coprolite-paleontology-dung-fossil-auction/</a></p> <p> </p>

<p><span>Introducing the lightly competitive knowledge showcase from the geniuses behind the YouTube series <a href="https://www.youtube.com/scishow" target="_blank">SciShow</a>. Every Tuesday, join <a href="https://twitter.com/hankgreen?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" target="_blank">Hank Green</a>, Ceri Riley, Stefan Chin, and Sam Schultz as they try to one-up and amaze each other with weird and funny scientific research... while not getting distracted. There will be tangents about video games, music, weird smells, surprisingly deep insights about life, and of course, poop, but it always comes back to the science.</span></p>